The exposure to television advertising of unhealthy food among children and adolescents and its impact in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the exposure to television advertising of unhealthy food among children and adolescents in Beijing, in order to provide a basis for the formulation of marketing management policies with unhealthy food.@*Methods@#Four weekdays and four weekend days were randomly selected during October 19, 2020 to January 17, 2021, excluding holidays and school holidays. The top five popular channels of children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years old were selected. A total of 720 hours was included for coding and analysis. World Health Organization Nutrient Profile Model for the Western Pacific Region was used to classify food and assess the health level.@*Results@#A total of 13 864 advertisings (ads) was monitored, 38.8% (5 376) of which were food ads. Furthermore, 49.9% (2 680) of food ads were unhealthy food ads, with a frequency of 2.00 per hour per channel. The top five most frequent food ads were infant formula for 12-36 months (26.7%), cheese (16.7%), savory snacks (12.2%), milk drinks (10.5%) and chocolate and candy (6.0%). The most frequently used marketing strategies for unhealthy food ads were brand benefit claims (96.8%) and promotional characters (67.9%).@*Conclusion@#Children and adolescents in Beijing are highly exposed to TV marketing of unhealthy foods. Marketing strategies such as brand benefit claims and promotional characters are employed to boost the impact of unhealthy food ads. There is an urgent need to introduce relevant policies to regulate TV marketing of unhealthy foods.

Risk Factors and Predictive Model for Severe Myelosuppression due to Chemotherapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors and construct a predictive model for severe myelosuppression due to chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer （TNBC）. MethodsPatients with TNBC who received anthracycline combined with cyclophosphamide sequential paclitaxel chemotherapy regimen at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from September 2， 2016 to September 2， 2021 were selected and assigned to severe myelosuppression group and no/mild myelosuppression group. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for severe myelosuppression due to chemotherapy and to develop a prediction model. Hosmer-Lemeshow test and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve were used to evaluate the predictive efficiency of the regression model. Kappa consistency test was used to verify the regression model externally. ResultsA total of 207 patients who met the inclusion were enrolled and 106 patients （51%） had severe myelosuppression. Binary logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that age 40 to 60 years （OR = 3.463， 95% CI： 1.144 to 10.486， P = 0.028）， age >60 years （OR = 3.474， 95% CI： 1.004 to 12.020， P = 0.049）， body mass index （BMI） 18.5 to 24.0 （OR = 1.445， 95% CI： 0.686 to 3.087， P = 0.328）， BMI <18.5 （OR = 3.582， 95% CI： 1.260 to 10.182， P = 0.017）， tumor TNM stage Ⅱ （OR = 1.698， 95% CI： 0.831 to 3.468， P = 0.146）， tumor TNM stage Ⅲ （OR = 2.943， 95% CI： 1.199 to 7.227， P = 0.019）， previous diabetes （OR = 2.441， 95% CI： 1.076 to 5.539， P = 0.033）， low pre-treatment albumin level （OR = 2.759， 95% CI： 1.141 to 6.669， P = 0.024） and low pre-treatment lymphocytes （OR = 3.428， 95% CI： 1.689 to 6.958， P = 0.001） were independent risk factors for severe myelosuppression due to chemotherapy. The χ2 value for the logistic regression model Hosmer-Lemeshow test was 11.507， P= 0.175， the area under the ROC curve was 0.763， standard error 0.033， 95% CI： 0.698-0.828， P=0.000. External validation showed that the prediction model had a specificity of 88% and a sensitivity of 80%； the kappa value was 0.679， standard error 0.081， P=0.000. conclusionThis logistic regression model had high predictive efficacy and is useful for clinicians to predict whether patients with TNBC develop severe myelosuppression.

Genetic Subtypes and Pretreatment Drug Resistance in the Newly Reported Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Aged≥50 Years Old in Guangxi / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ2=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.

Effects of exercise training combined with acupuncture and moxibustion on fatigue / Efeitos do treinamento de exercício combinado à acupuntura e moxabustão sobre a fadiga / Efectos del entrenamiento físico combinado con acupuntura y moxibustión sobre la fatiga

ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscle fatigue bothers athletes, affecting training level and competitive performance, it also has a great impact on the physical health of athletes, predisposing them to accidents and an early termination of their career. Relieving sports fatigue is the focus of research in the field of sports health nowadays. Objective: Study the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion rehabilitation combined with physical training on sports fatigue. Methods: A controlled experiment was used. The experimental group used acupuncture and moxibustion combined with exercise training, while the control group used acupuncture and moxibustion. The same group of doctors performed the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment according to the actual situation of the patients, and they tested the changes in VAS pain score and PRI pain score. Results: The VAS pain score in the experimental group was 7.88 points before the procedure and 2.96 points after the sixth week of the procedure. The control group score was 7.67 before the start and 5.03 after training. The total PRI pain score in the experimental group was 6.52 points before training and 2.05 points in the sixth week of training. The control group scored 6.66 before the procedure and 3.89 in the sixth week. Conclusion: The combination of training and exercises can achieve a better rehabilitation effect compared to the isolated treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A fadiga muscular incomoda os atletas, afetando o nível de treinamento e o desempenho competitivo, também tem um grande impacto sobre a saúde física dos atletas, predispondo a acidentes e a um término precoce da carreira. Aliviar a fadiga esportiva é o foco da pesquisa no campo da saúde esportiva nos dias de hoje. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito de reabilitação pela acupuntura e moxabustão combinada com o treinamento físico sobre a fadiga esportiva. Métodos: Foi utilizado um experimento controlado. O grupo experimental usou acupuntura e moxabustão combinadas com treinamento com exercícios, enquanto o grupo de controle usou acupuntura e moxabustão. O mesmo grupo de médicos realizou o tratamento de acupuntura e moxabustão de acordo com a situação real dos pacientes, e testaram as alterações do escore de dor VAS e do escore de dor PRI. Resultados: A pontuação de dor VAS no grupo experimental foi de 7,88 pontos antes do procedimento e 2,96 pontos após a sexta semana de procedimento. A pontuação do grupo de controle foi 7,67 antes do início e 5,03 após o treinamento. A pontuação total de dor PRI no grupo experimental foi 6,52 pontos antes do treinamento e 2,05 pontos na sexta semana de treinamento. A pontuação do grupo de controle foi de 6,66 antes do procedimento e 3,89 na sexta semana. Conclusão: A combinação do treinamento com exercícios pode alcançar um melhor efeito de reabilitação em comparação com o tratamento isolado de acupuntura e moxabustão. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La fatiga muscular molesta a los deportistas, ya que afecta al nivel de entrenamiento y al rendimiento competitivo, además de tener un gran impacto en la salud física de los atletas, predisponiendo a accidentes y al cese prematuro de la carrera. En la actualidad, el alivio de la fatiga deportiva es objeto de investigación en el campo de la salud deportiva. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto de la rehabilitación mediante acupuntura y moxibustión combinada con entrenamiento físico sobre la fatiga deportiva. Métodos: Se utilizó un experimento controlado. El grupo experimental utilizó acupuntura y moxibustión combinadas con entrenamiento físico, mientras que el grupo de control utilizó acupuntura y moxibustión. El mismo grupo de médicos realizó el tratamiento de acupuntura y moxibustión de acuerdo con la situación real de los pacientes, y comprobó los cambios en la puntuación del dolor según VAS y la puntuación del dolor según PRI. Resultados: La puntuación VAS del dolor en el grupo experimental fue de 7,88 puntos antes del procedimiento y de 2,96 puntos después de la sexta semana del procedimiento. La puntuación del grupo de control fue de 7,67 antes del inicio y de 5,03 después del entrenamiento. La puntuación total del dolor PRI en el grupo experimental fue de 6,52 puntos antes del entrenamiento y de 2,05 puntos en la sexta semana de entrenamiento. La puntuación del grupo de control era de 6,66 antes del procedimiento y de 3,89 a la sexta semana. Conclusión: La combinación de entrenamiento con ejercicios puede lograr un mejor efecto rehabilitador en comparación con el tratamiento aislado de acupuntura y moxibustión. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Safety and prevention of sports injuries in popular ice and snow sports / Segurança e prevenção de lesões esportivas em esportes populares no gelo e neve / Seguridad y prevención de lesiones deportivas en los deportes populares de hielo y nieve

ABSTRACT Introduction: Following the development of ice and snow sports tourism projects, the hidden dangers of early extensive construction have gradually emerged. It mainly manifests itself in the sports safety of ice and snow sports tourism projects. Objective: Explore the management strategy of sports safety under the snow and ice sports tourism landscape. Methods: Literature research, interviews, and questionnaires were used to analyze the development in the study area of ice and snow tourism, the tourists themselves, and regional site construction. Finally, the paper analyzes strategies to improve sports safety management in related areas from the landscape manager's point of view. Results: The development of snow and ice sports tourism projects in the study area is satisfactory; however, due to the epidemic's impact, the current situation is relatively low, showing a trend of slow improvement. In terms of sports injury risk, after optimal training and safety management, the proportion of climatic characteristics of the site was 24.81%; the proportion of the population on the ski slopes was 40.92%; the proportion of equipment cleaning and maintenance was 59.23%; the degree of congestion on the ski slopes was 41.30%; the proportion of public safety was 34.42%; the proportion of basic emergency medical treatment was 32.30%; epidemics and other infectious diseases accounted for 83.13% of the total. Follow-up is done before the start, in the process, and after the occurrence of multiple managements. Conclusion: The safety management strategy of snow and ice sports tourism combines the factors of tourists and managers, and has great practical significance, so it is worthy of promotion. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Com o desenvolvimento de projetos de turismo esportivo no gelo e na neve, os perigos ocultos da construção extensiva precoce têm surgido gradualmente. Ele se manifesta principalmente na segurança esportiva de projetos de turismo de esportes de gelo e neve. Objetivo: Explorar a estratégia de gestão da segurança esportiva sob o panorama do turismo esportivo de neve e gelo. Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas e questionários foram usados para analisar o desenvolvimento na área de estudo do turismo de gelo e neve, e dos próprios turistas bem como a construção de locais regionais. Finalmente, do ponto de vista do gerente de paisagens, o trabalho analisa as estratégias para melhorar a gestão da segurança esportiva em áreas relacionadas. Resultados: O desenvolvimento de projetos de turismo esportivo de neve e gelo na área de estudo é satisfatório, porém, devido ao impacto da epidemia, a situação atual é relativamente reduzida, mostrando uma tendência de lenta melhoria. Em termos de risco de lesões esportivas, após treinamento otimizado e gerenciamento da segurança, a proporção de características climáticas do local foi de 24,81%; a proporção de população nas pistas de esqui foi de 40,92%; a proporção de limpeza e manutenção dos equipamentos foi de 59,23%; o grau de congestionamento das pistas de esqui foi de 41,30%; a proporção de segurança pública foi de 34,42%; a proporção de tratamento médico básico de emergência foi de 32,30%; epidemias e outras doenças infecciosas representaram 83,13% do total. O acompanhamento é feito antes do início, no processo, e após a ocorrência de múltiplas gestões. Conclusão: A estratégia de gerenciamento de segurança do turismo esportivo de neve e gelo combina os fatores de turistas e gerentes, e tem grande significado prático, por isso é digna de promoção. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Con el desarrollo de los proyectos turísticos de deportes de hielo y nieve, han ido apareciendo gradualmente los peligros ocultos de la construcción extensiva temprana. Se manifiesta principalmente en la seguridad deportiva de los proyectos turísticos de deportes de hielo y nieve. Objetivo: Explorar la estrategia de gestión de la seguridad deportiva en el marco del paisaje turístico de los deportes de nieve y hielo. Métodos: Se utilizó la investigación bibliográfica, entrevistas y cuestionarios para analizar el desarrollo en la zona de estudio del turismo de hielo y nieve, y a los propios turistas, así como la construcción de emplazamientos regionales. Por último, desde el punto de vista del gestor del paisaje, se analizan estrategias para mejorar la gestión de la seguridad deportiva en ámbitos afines. Resultados: El desarrollo de proyectos de turismo deportivo de nieve y hielo en la zona de estudio es satisfactorio, sin embargo, debido al impacto de la epidemia, la situación actual es relativamente baja, mostrando una tendencia de lenta mejora. En cuanto al riesgo de lesiones deportivas, tras optimizar la formación y la gestión de la seguridad, la proporción de características climáticas del lugar fue del 24,81%; la proporción de población en las pistas de esquí fue del 40,92%; la proporción de limpieza y mantenimiento del equipo fue del 59,23%; el grado de congestión de las pistas de esquí fue del 41,30%; la proporción de seguridad pública fue del 34,42%; la proporción de tratamiento médico básico de urgencia fue del 32,30%; las epidemias y otras enfermedades infecciosas representaron el 83,13% del total. El seguimiento se realiza antes del inicio, en el proceso y después de que se produzcan múltiples gestiones. Conclusión: La estrategia de gestión de la seguridad del turismo deportivo de nieve y hielo combina los factores de los turistas y los gestores, y tiene una gran importancia práctica, por lo que merece ser promovida. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Research progress of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Hydroxychloroquine is widely used in a variety of autoimmune diseases. However, long-term use of hydroxychloroquine can cause severe retinopathy, which has a complex pathogenic mechanism and diverse clinical manifestations, mainly manifested as photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial damage and irreversible vision loss. Identifying damage before retinitis pigment epithelium lesions preserve central vision, so early detection is crucial to slow disease progression and reduce vision loss. The development of multimodal imaging technology and the issuance of the latest treatment guidelines provide a powerful tool for the early screening and treatment of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Proficient in the latest guidelines for the treatment of hydroxychloroquine can better guide clinicians to do a good job in disease screening and management, recommend risks, safe dosages and appropriate screening procedures to patients and strengthen the prevention of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, which will help save the vision of more patients and reduce the waste of medical resources.

Observational study on improvement of hypotension in hemodialysis with blood volume feedback control system / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To study the effect of blood volume feedback control system on improving intradialytic-hypotension (IDH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:It was a prospective cohort study. Thirty MHD patients with recurrent IDH in the Dialysis Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from March 2021 to March 2022 were selected. A self-control study was conducted in MHD patients. The patients were treated with routine hemodialysis in both baseline phase (A1) and reversal phase (A2), while with hemodialysis under the blood volume feedback control system in intervention phase (B). Each phase lasted for 4 weeks (12 hemodialysis sessions). The average occurrences of IDH and IDH-related adverse events (IDH-RAE, stopping dehydration for more than 10 minutes or getting off the hemodialysis machine 10 minutes earlier due to IDH) of each patient between phase A1, B, and A2 were calculated and compared. In a total of 1 080 dialysis records, a logistic regression analysis model was established with age, sex and intervention as independent variables and with the occurrence of IDH-RAE as the outcome.Results:A total of 30 eligible patients were included in the study, including 14 males (46.7%) and 16 females (53.3%), aged 63.0 (56.5, 72.5) years old, with a median dialysis age of 84.0 (37.2, 120.0) months. The average times of IDH in 30 MHD patients decreased from 1.17 (0.83, 1.67) in stage A1 (before intervention) to 0.33 (0.25, 0.58) in stage B (after intervention) ( P<0.05). The frequency of IDH-RAE decreased significantly from 0.29 (0.19, 0.47) in stage A1 to 0.17 (0,0.25) in stage B ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis results indicated that the use of blood volume feedback control system reduced the risk of IDH-RAE by 53% ( OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.34-0.64, P<0.001). Conclusions:The application of blood volume feedback control system can effectively reduce the occurrences of IDH and the risk of IDH-RAE in MHD patients.

Research progress of model animal zebrafish in toxicity evaluation of microplastics / 环境与职业医学

With the extensive use of plastic products and the sharp increase of plastic waste, microplastics produced by degradation in the natural environment and artificially added by industry have been detected in food, air, ocean, and even extreme geographical environment. The environmental pollution and the biological health hazards caused by this new type of pollutant has become a global scientific problem to be solved urgently. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), as a typical model organism, has been widely used to evaluate the environmental pollution and health hazards caused by microplastics. This review on the research progress of model animal zebrafish in toxicity evaluation of microplastics mainly emphasized the toxic effects of microplastics on selected organs of zebrafish, briefly introduced the influencing factors of toxicity induced by microplastics, discussed the standardization of experiments for the evaluation of microplastic toxicity using zebrafish, and finally explored the future research directions.

Advances in research on myopic traction maculopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

High myopia is a disease with a high incidence rate and an increasing trend, which could lead to irreversible visual impairment worldwide. Myopia traction maculopathy (MTM), belonging to one of the pathological changes of high myopia, could cause vision damage and even blindness in patients. Recently, a new classification of MTM based on optical coherence tomography can effectively evaluate the condition of patients and is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of MTM. Moreover, the improvement of internal limiting membrane peeling method and the innovation of macular buckle material provide new ideas for the treatment of MTM based on traditional surgery. New treatment such as vitreal traction release laser surgery, enzymatic vitreolysis and posterior scleral crosslinking have gained increasing attention. By combining these new treatments with artificial intelligence, 3D printing technology and advanced vitrectomy equipment, it is hoped that a safer and more effective treatment for MTM will be found in the future.

Advances in research on myopic traction maculopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

High myopia is a disease with a high incidence rate and an increasing trend, which could lead to irreversible visual impairment worldwide. Myopia traction maculopathy (MTM), belonging to one of the pathological changes of high myopia, could cause vision damage and even blindness in patients. Recently, a new classification of MTM based on optical coherence tomography can effectively evaluate the condition of patients and is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of MTM. Moreover, the improvement of internal limiting membrane peeling method and the innovation of macular buckle material provide new ideas for the treatment of MTM based on traditional surgery. New treatment such as vitreal traction release laser surgery, enzymatic vitreolysis and posterior scleral crosslinking have gained increasing attention. By combining these new treatments with artificial intelligence, 3D printing technology and advanced vitrectomy equipment, it is hoped that a safer and more effective treatment for MTM will be found in the future.

Advancement in endovascular therapy of aortoiliac occlusive disease / 中华外科杂志

Aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) refers to the stenosis and occlusion of the distal abdominal aorta and(or) bifurcation of the aortoiliac artery,which is mainly caused by atherosclerosis,leading to pelvic and lower limb ischemia.Open surgery has always been the main treatment for complex AIOD.However,in recent years,with the development of endovascular surgery technologies and medical instruments,its treatment concept has been greatly changed.More and more clinical evidence has proved that the long-term efficacy of endovascular therapy is not inferior to that of traditional open surgery,so minimally invasive endovascular therapy has become the preferred treatment for AIOD.

Course of disease and related epidemiological parameters of COVID-19: a prospective study based on contact tracing cohort / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the course of disease and epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 and provide evidence for making prevention and control strategies. Methods: To display the distribution of course of disease of the infectors who had close contacts with COVID-19 cases from January 1 to March 15, 2020 in Guangdong Provincial, the models of Lognormal, Weibull and gamma distribution were applied. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the basic characteristics and epidemiological parameters of course of disease. Results: In total, 515 of 11 580 close contacts were infected, with an attack rate about 4.4%, including 449 confirmed cases and 66 asymptomatic cases. Lognormal distribution was fitting best for latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period of confirmed cases and infection period of asymptomatic cases; Gamma distribution was fitting best for infectious period and clinical symptom period of confirmed cases; Weibull distribution was fitting best for latent period of asymptomatic cases. The latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period, infectious period and clinical symptoms period of confirmed cases were 4.50 (95%CI:3.86-5.13) days, 5.12 (95%CI:4.63-5.62) days, 0.87 (95%CI:0.67-1.07) days, 11.89 (95%CI:9.81-13.98) days and 22.00 (95%CI:21.24-22.77) days, respectively. The latent period and infectious period of asymptomatic cases were 8.88 (95%CI:6.89-10.86) days and 6.18 (95%CI:1.89-10.47) days, respectively. Conclusion: The estimated course of COVID-19 and related epidemiological parameters are similar to the existing data.

Preliminary clinical experience of the novel transcatheter aortic valve system Prizvalve® for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with the novel Prizvalve® system in treating severe aortic stenosis. Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, single-arm, observational study. A total of 11 patients with severe aortic stenosis with high risk or inappropriate for conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) were included, and TAVI was achieved with the Prizvalve® system between March 2021 and May 2021 in West China Hospital. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed immediately after prosthesis implantation to evaluate mean transaortic gradient and maximal transaortic velocity. The device success rate was calculated, which was defined as (1) the device being delivered via the access, deployed, implanted and withdrawn, (2) mean transaortic gradient<20 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) or a maximal transaortic velocity<3 m/s post TAVI, and without severe aortic regurgitation or paravalvular leak post TAVI. TTE was performed at 30 days after the surgery, and all-cause mortality as well as the major cardiovascular adverse events (including acute myocardial infarction, disabling hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke) up to 30 days post TAVI were analyzed. Results: The age of 11 included patients were (78.1±6.3) years, with 8 males. A total of 10 patients were with NYHA functional class Ⅲ or Ⅳ. Devices were delivered via the access, deployed, implanted and withdrawn successfully in all patients. Post-implant mean transaortic gradient was (7.55±4.08) mmHg and maximal transaortic velocity was (1.78±0.44) m/s, and both decreased significantly as compared to baseline levels (both P<0.05). No severe aortic regurgitation or paravalvular leak was observed post TAVI. Device success was achieved in all the 11 patients. No patient died or experienced major cardiovascular adverse events up to 30 days post TAVI. Mean transaortic gradient was (9.45±5.07) mmHg and maximal transaortic velocity was (2.05±0.42) m/s at 30 days post TAVI, which were similar as the values measured immediately post TAVI (both P>0.05). Conclusions: TAVI with the Prizvalve® system is a feasible and relatively safe procedure for patients with severe aortic stenosis and at high risk or inappropriate for SAVR. Further clinical studies could be launched to obtain more clinical experience with Prizvalve® system.

Stability research of Xiaoer Ganmaoning Oral Liquid based on chromatographic peak matching and image sensory evaluation / 中国中药杂志

The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) characteristic chromatogram of Xiaoer Ganmaoning Oral Liquid(oral liquid for short) was established. The medicinal materials corresponding to characteristic peaks, their index components and ranges of similarity with the reference chromatograms were clarified. The similarity between the characteristic chromatograms of 10 batches of the oral liquid and the reference chromatogram was higher than 0.994. Eighteen characteristic peaks were identified, which were derived from different medicinal materials including Scutellariae Radix, Arctii Fructus, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Gardeniae Fructus and Forsythiae Fructus. Further, 11 characteristic peaks were assigned by the comparison with reference substances as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, scutellarin, forsythiaside A and arctiin. Also, the characteristic chromatogram of precipitate in the oral liquid was established, and the similarity between characteristic chromatograms of 10 batches of the precipitate and the reference chromatogram was higher than 0.940. The 14 characteristic peaks originating from the precipitate and those from the oral liquid were consistent in retention time, and the content of all index components in the precipitate was lower than 5% of that in the oral liquid. Moreover, the stability of precipitate during the accelerated stability test was explored with filtration and Matlab-based image sensory evaluation. The precipitate mass and precipitation degree both increased over the stability test duration significantly. The stability of the oral liquid was used as a model system in this study to establish the integrated quality control system which related to medicinal materials, preparations and precipitate with HPLC characteristic chromatograms and image sensory evaluation, which lays a foundation for the exploration of the quantity value transfer of the oral liquid.

Visualization analysis on the research hotspots of doctoral dissertation of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences during 2008-2018 / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To reveal the research focus of doctoral dissertation of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences by information visualization.Methods:Based on the relevant documents from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2018 retrieved by CNKI, through the methods of CiteSpace high-frequency word visualization analysis and co word clustering, the research focus was explored in three time segments, and comparative analysis was carried out.Results:A total of 1 918 literatures were included. The methodology research based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes, the application research of data mining technology, and the clinical research of TCM were identified by knowledge atlas as the research hotspots of academic dissertation of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from 2008 to 2018, with good continuity. The disease types of related researcheswere close to the clinical frontier, and the continuity of syndrome and treatment research of coronary heart disease were poor. The number of basic researches represented by TCM syndrome were always lower than that of clinical research. The diagnosis and treatment mode and modern research methods based on the combination of disease and syndrome and the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine were gradually deepening in the field of TCM.Conclusions:Interdisciplinary research is a hot topic in the dissertation research of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. The use of information visualization tools can provide reference for scientific and in-depth exploration of the research direction of TCM.

Case Analysis and Literature Review of a Case of Acarbose-induced Skin ADR by Clinical Pharmacists / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To summarize and analyze t he clinical characteristics of acarbose-induced skin ADR ，and to provide reference for its therapy. METHODS ：Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of a patient with acarbose-induced skin ADR. The patient developed erythema multiforme several days after oral administration of Acarbose tablets （100 mg/d）. After consultation by dermatology and clinical pharmacy ，considering that the adverse reaction was related to acarbose ，clinical pharmacists suggested to stop the drug. Based on the above cases ，clinical pharmacists searched Wanfang database ，CNKI， PubMed，Embase and other databases to collect case reports of skin ADR caused by acarbose ，summarize its general situation （gender，age，usage and dosage ，etc.），latency，ADR（diagnosis and manifestation ），intervention and outcome ，etc. RESULTS ： The doctor adopted the pharmacist s’advice，stopped the use of acarbose ，and gave symptomatic treatment as Methylprednisolone sodium succinate for injection 40 mg（intravenous injection ，qd）+Medloratadine tablets 8.8 mg（oral administration ，qd）+Calamine lotion（for external use ）. The patient improved and was discharged after 10 days. A total of 12 literatures involving 12 patients were retrieved. Among the 13 patients included in the analysis （including the above clinical case and 12 literature cases ），there were 8 males and 5 females，and 8 patients of them aged 50 and over；the dosage of acarb ose in most patients was within the requirements of the drug instructions. The primary diseases of 12 patients were diabetes mellitus. The latency of skin ADR in 11 patients was within 6 days of administration. Among the 13 patients，the ADR were diagnosed as rash in 4 cases，pustulosis in 3 cases， erythema multiforme in 2 cases， urticaria in 2 cases， maculopapular rash in 1 case and lip swelling in 1 case. The ADR of 1 patient improved after drug withdrawal ，and 12 patients also improved after drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment such as glucocorticoid or antihistamine. Acarbose was re-used in 2 patients after the improvement of first skin ADR ，and skin ADR occurred again ，and the ADR were improved after drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS ：Skin ADR are acarbose-induced rare ADR ，mostly within 6 days of medication ，and are more likely to occur in middle-aged and older men. When the patients suffer from ADR ，the drug should be stopped in time and given glucocorticoids or antihistamines for symptomatic treatment. Clinical pharmacists should do a good job in drug publicity and education ，remind patients to closely monitor relevant indicators and ensure drug safety.

Preparation, characterization and in vitro release of berberine hydrochloride resin complex / 药学学报

The object of this study is to preparate the berberine hydrochloride (BBH) resin compound with taste masking effect. We took the BBH as the model drug and Amberlite IRP69 as the drug carriers, uncovered the curve of solubility of BBH in different cosolvent with a certain range of temperature, and then used it to calculate the parameters during the preparation of the complex such as adding quantity of BBH and the reaction temperature. Afterwards, the characteristic and in vitro release experiments were studied to verify the formation and predict the in vivo release behavior of the complex. The results showed that in the condition of using 60% ethanol as a cosolvent and stirring at 50 ℃ for 1 h, the drug loading and drug availability of the complex are at about 35% and 64%, respectively, and has a better taste-masking effect. In this study, a method was provided for preparing a taste-masking preparation of BBH.

Making Sense of Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care Part 2 – Management

@#Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common worldwide and in Singapore. The primary care physicians play an important role in managing patients with CKD, especially in the early stages of CKD. The primary objectives of CKD management are (1) slowing down the progression of CKD, (2) managing the complications of CKD, and (3) establishing the longterm kidney care plan. The interventions to slow down the progression of CKD are to identify the cause of CKD, use the renin-aldosterone system blocker and the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor in suitable CKD populations, optimise blood pressure and glycaemic control, correct acidosis, avoid acute kidney injury and nephrotoxin, and modify dietary and lifestyle habits. For complications of CKD, the focus is on reducing cardiovascular risk, and managing anaemia, mineral bone disease, electrolytes imbalances and fluid overload. Lastly, there is a need to establish CKD patient’s treatment goals and initiate advanced care planning in a patient with progressive CKD to facilitate future care.

Efficacy and visual related quality of life of Ozurdex in the treatment of RVO-ME / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the clinical efficacy, complications and visual related quality of life(VRQoL)of Ozurdex in the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO-ME). <p>METHODS: Totally 30 patients with ME, which had developed secondary to either CRVO(13 eyes)or BRVO(17 eyes), were monitored for 6mo after treatment with Ozurdex in the Department of Ophthalmology of our Hospital. We measured the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), central macular thickness(CMT)at different time after treatment(1wk, 1mo, 2mo, 3mo, 4mo, 5mo, and 6mo after treatment), and we also measured the Chinese version vision related quality of life questionnaire-25(CVRQoL-25)at 3mo after treatment and compared them separately with the ones measured before treatment to evaluate the efficacy, adverse reactions and the visual related quality of life. <p>RESULTS: Generalized estimation equation results showed that BCVA, CMT and IOP all had differences at different time points(<i>P</i><0.001). A BCVA increase was achieved and CMT decreased in all patients at any time point after the onset of treatment(<i>P</i><0.001). The changes of BCVA and CMT were the largest in the 2mo compared to the baseline(<i>P</i><0.001). The score of CVRQol-25 at 3mo after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment and then the central retinal thickness decreased and a BCVA increased compared to the baseline level(<i>P</i><0.01). The score of CVRQoL-25 at 3mo was negatively correlated both with the LogMAR BCVA evaluated before treatment and at 3mo after treatment(<i>r</i>s= -0.717, -0.746, all <i>P</i><0.001); Meanwhile, the score of CVRQoL-25 was also negatively correlated with CMT at 3mo after treatment(<i>r</i>s= -0.862,<i> P</i>=0.001). In 19 eyes(63%)of the patients with RVO-ME,a relapse was observed after a follow-up time of 1-3mo and the average recurrence time was(2.8±0.5)mo. In follow-up of 6mo, about(2.3±0.4)intravitreal Ozurdex injections per eye was observed. The increase in IOP was observed at 1wk, 1, 2, 3mo after pretherapy(<i>P</i><0.05). The mean IOP values reached a peak at 2mo after injection, which rose(7.85±0.32)mmHg above the baseline level(<i>P</i><0.05)and decreased to normal at 4mo after treatment. 10% of patients had an elevation in IOP above 25mmHg, which could be medically controlled and 4 eyes(13%)of patients had cataract formation, two of which needed to surgery. <p>CONCLUSION: Ozurdex proved to be efficacious with increase in visual acuity and reduction of central retinal thickness and improve the visual function-related quality of life of RVO-ME patients. After single injection of Ozurdex, visual acuity benefited for 2-3mo. 63% of the patients relapsed at about 3mo after treatment. Adverse reactions associated to the use of Ozurdex include the formation of cataracts and an increase in IOP.

Preparation and enhanced photodynamic therapy of supramolecular nanoparticles to overcome tumor hypoxia / 药学学报

The therapeutic effect of tumor photodynamic therapy is severely limited by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Inhibiting tumor celloxygen consumption is a more effective way than increasing its oxygen supply to overcome the tumor hypoxia and enhance photodynamic therapy. To carry out this strategy, the supramolecular nanoparticles VER-ATO-SMN loaded with photosensitizer verteporfin (VER), oxygen-consuming inhibitor atovaquone (ATO), and stabilizer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-K30 were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method, and the optimal prescription was screened and optimized by single factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal prescription for VER-ATO-SMN was ATO∶VER (w/w) = 1∶1, PVP-K30 = 100 mg, N,N-dimethylformamide∶water (v/v) = 1∶10. The morphology, particle size, particle dispersion index and encapsulation efficiency of supramolecular nanoparticles were characterized. The VER-ATO-SMN showed a spherical morphology and was well dispersed. The hydrodynamic size of VER-ATO-SMN was 101.21 ± 4.30 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The encapsulation efficiencies of VER and ATO in VER-ATO-SMN prepared with the optimal prescription were 70.86% and 77.52%, respectively. The VER-ATO-SMN exhibited good laser stability and also showed high stability in conditions which simulated the physiological solution. Compared with free VER and VER liposome, VER-ATO-SMN performed enhanced therapeutic effect at the cell level. The mechanism was that VER-ATO-SMN could effectively incorporate into cells and improving the intracellular oxygen concentration by reducing the oxygen consumption of tumor cells could increase the amount of reactive oxygen species generated by VER mediated photodynamic therapy. The in vivo anticancer efficacy results of tumor-bearing mice suggested that VER-ATO-SMN could effectively inhibit the tumor growth or even completely eliminate the tumor. All animal experiments were performed in line with national regulations and approved by the Animal Experiments Ethical Committee of 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team.